Utente:Oakwood/Sandbox
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Operazione Atlantic Resolve è il nome di un insieme di azioni militari della NATO messe in campo nel quadro della crisi in Ucraina. È finanziata dalla
It is funded under the European Reassurance Initiative. All U.S. efforts in support of NATO fall under the umbrella of Operation Atlantic Resolve. The U.S. took several immediate steps to demonstrate solidarity with NATO, such as augmenting the air, ground and naval presence in the region, and enhancing previously scheduled exercises. The U.S. is taking measures to enhance NATO military plans and defense capabilities and remains committed to maintaining a persistent presence in Eastern Europe.[1]
Road march
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Template:Main article In the middle of March 2015, a US Army spokesman in Wiesbaden announced that a convoy of armored fighting vehicles (amongst them Strykers) would – after manoeuvres in Poland, Estonia and Lithuania – return via road to their garrison at Vilseck.[2] The roadmarch started a week later.[3]
Assets
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]The aerial assets are mostly deployed to Ämari Air Base, Graf Ignatievo Air Base and Papa Air Base.
The first aerial units were the 159th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (159th EFS) with McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagle's and the 123d EFS with F-15C's and a single F-15D from April 2015 who stayed for six months.[4]
This was added to by the following units:
- 355th Fighter Wing = 354th EFS with 12 x Fairchild Republic A-10C Thunderbolt II's between February 13[5] and July 31, 2015[6] initially at Spangdahlem Air Base before forward deployed to an Eastern European Air base.[5]
- 442nd Fighter Wing = 303d EFS with 8 x A-10C Thunderbolt II's from August 22, 2015 at Amari.[6]
- 23d Fighter Group = 74th EFS with 12 x A-10C Thunderbolt II's between September 21, 2015[6] and March 18, 2016 at various bases.[7]
- 104th Fighter Wing = 131st EFS with F-15C's between April[8] and September 2016.
- 144th Fighter Wing = 194th EFS with F-15C's and D's from April 2016.[8]
- 122d Fighter Wing = 163d EFS with A-10C Thunderbolt II's until August 2016.[9]
- 442nd Fighter Wing = 303d EFS with A-10C Thunderbolt II's from July 2016.[10]
- 140th Wing = 120th EFS with F-16C between July 2016 and August 2016.[9]
- 48th Fighter Wing = 493d EFS with F-15C's between August and September 2016.[11]
- 144th Fighter Wing = 194th EFS with F-15C between August and September 2016.[11]
The new shipment of forces - 3,500 troops from the 4th Infantry Division, 87 tanks and 144 Bradley fighting vehicles - will gather first in Poland, then fan out across seven countries from Estonia to Bulgaria. They will be headquartered in Germany.[12]
Reactions
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82% of Czechs approved and supported the US Army-NATO convoy that partook in Operation Dragoon Ride, according to an opinion poll that was conducted by the independent STEM agency in 2015.[13]
A NATO deployment in the early January of 2017 was welcomed by Polish officials which described it as a necessary response to Russian military exercises near its border and its military intervention in Ukraine and members of the public as the materiel crossed into south-western Poland from Germany.[14][15][16][17] The same deployment sparked protests in Germany and prompted a critical reaction among the country’s centre-left political parties, but was defended by the country’s ruling Christian Democrat Party (CDU) coalition and German military officials.[18][19] An article about the deployment that was published by the Donbas News International (DNI) agency and its subsequent circulation in the Western conspiracy-theory cybersphere and Russian mediasphere was cited as an example of the creation and spread of fake news.[20] An editorial by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette cautioned anyone against using the deployment as a domestic political tool.[21]
References
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- ^ OPERATION ATLANTIC RESOLVE (PDF), su defense.gov. URL consultato il 21 March 2015.
- ^ Übung "Atlantic Resolve": US-Armee schickt Schützenpanzer durch östliche Nato-Mitgliedstaaten, su spiegel.de, SPIEGEL ONLINE, 16 March 2015.
- ^ Solidaritätsaktion: Amerikaner starten "Straßenmarsch" durch Osteuropa, su spiegel.de, SPIEGEL ONLINE, 22 March 2015.
- ^ AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, June 2015, p. 46.
- ^ a b AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, April 2015, p. 10.
- ^ a b c AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, November 2015, p. 15.
- ^ 74th EFS completes 'far-reaching' European deployment, su usafe.af.mil, USAF. URL consultato il 24 March 2016.
- ^ a b AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, May 2016, p. 12.
- ^ a b AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, October 2016, p. 95.
- ^ AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, September 2016, p. 30.
- ^ a b AirForces Monthly, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, Key Publishing Ltd, October 2016, p. 10.
- ^ Jon Sharman, Biggest shipment of American tanks since the Cold War lands in Germany, 7 January 2017.
- ^ (Czech) Dragouni odjeli. Američané zamávali v Rozvadově a vyrazili domů, in Mladá fronta DNES, iDNES, 1º April 2015. URL consultato l'8 April 2015. Lingua sconosciuta: Czech (aiuto)
- ^ Poland welcomes 3,500 US troops amid fears over Russia aggression, Sky News.
- ^ Russia says US troops arriving in Poland pose threat to its security, The Guardian, 12 January 2017.
- ^ US tanks and troops in Poland a threat, Russia says, BBC, 12 January 2017.
- ^ 'We waited for decades': Polish govt welcomes US troops, AP, 14 January 2017.
- ^ 'Tanks do not create peace' Germany fumes at huge build-up of tanks at Russian borders, Daily Express, Jan 9, 2017.
- ^ Nato deployment begins against possible Russian aggression, Jan 6, 2017.
- ^ Three thousand fake tanks, Medium.
- ^ Troop movements: Curious timing for U.S. and NATO border buildup, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 10, 2017.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Oakwood/Sandbox- Operation Atlantic Resolve, su defense.gov, U.S. Department of Defense.«The United States is demonstrating its continued commitment to collective security through a series of actions designed to reassure NATO allies and partners of America's dedication to enduring peace and stability in the region in light of the Russian intervention in Ukraine.»
- Atlantic Resolve, su eur.army.mil, United States Army Europe.
