Utente:Fernando.tassone/Sandbox/Forze Armate del Sud Africa
Forza di Difesa Sud Africana (South African Defence Force)
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Breve storia della Forza di Difesa Sud Africana (1912-1987) [1]
- La Union Defence Force (UDF) è stata la forza militare dell' Unione del Sud Africa dal 1 Luglio 1912[2], attraverso il Defence Act No 13 of 1912 due anni dopo la creazione dell'Unione del Sud Africa, fino al 1957 quando è stata riorganizzata attraverso il Defence Act, No 44 of 1957 e rinominata come South African Defence Force (SADF)[3].
- Sebbene l'aviazione militare nel 1912 era ancora ai primordi dell'aviazione, il South African Defence Act (1912) aveva già previsto la formazione del South African Aviation Corps (SAAC) come unità dell' Active Citizen Force (ACF).[4]
La SADF comprende le forze armate Africane dal 1957 fino al 1994, quando viene riorganizzata come segue:[3]
- Active Citizen Force and South African Permanent Force in Citizen Force e Permenent Force;
- incorporazione dei Commando in Defence Force e l'esclusione delle Riserve
- Il Defence Act, No 44 of 1957 promulga inoltre:
- le South African Decorations;
- nuove uniformi e badges per Army, Air Force e Navy.
Storia della South African Air Force (SAAF)
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Nonostante la rigida economia e la carenza di fondi a cui l' UDF era soggetta nell'immediato periodo del dopo guerra, nel 1920 è stata istituita la South African Air Force (SAAF).
Il Col. Pierre van Ryneveld è stato nominato Director Air Services (DAS) a decorrere dal 1 febbraio 1920, con le istruzioni per stabilire una forza aerea per l'Unione.
Questa data è riconosciuta come la nascita ufficiale del SAAF.[4]
La South African National Defence Force (SANDF), è nata dalla nuova Costituzione nel 1994[5]
The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation di Len Le Roux: [6]
Formazione del SANDF:[7]
SANDF: Mandato e Funzioni[8]
Integration or absorption? The creation of the SA National Defence Force, 1993 to 1999, African-Security Review 11(2), 2002[9].
La Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag in Afrikaans o in inglese South African Air Force, spesso abbreviata in SAAF[4]
Bibliografia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation - Len le Roux[10][6]
- ^ W.A. Dorning, A concise history of the South African Defence Force (1912-1987) - Major W.A. Dorning (D Phil is attached to the SADF archives.), pp. 3,7,13,18,22.
- ^ Major W.A. Dorning, Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 17, Nr 2, 1987, p. 3.«For this reason 1 July 1912 has come to be generally accepted as the birthdate of the Union Defence Force.»
- ^ a b Major W.A. Dorning, Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 17, Nr 2, 1987, p. 18.«The period 1957- 1959 can be characterized as a time of consolidation for the Defence Force.......
The most significant event to occur during the period in question as far as the Defence Force was concerned wat the passing of the Defence Act, No 44 of 1957. The Defence Act consolidated and improved the provisions of the 1912 Defence Act and its amendments of 1922 and 1932. Among its more important provisions were: the changing of the designation Union Defence Force to South African Defence Force (SADF); the re-designation of Active Citizen Force and South African Permanent Force to Citizen Force and Permenent Force respectively; the incorporation of the Commando's into the Defence Force and the exclusion of
the reserves; the promulgation of emergency regulations; the establishment of South African Decorations; and the introduction of new uniforms and badges for the Army, Air Force and Navy.» - ^ a b c The History of the SAAF, su www.af.mil.za. URL consultato il 19 gennaio 2016.
- ^ Len le Roux, The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation (PDF), p. 7.«Officially the new, post-apartheid South African DoD, comprising the Defence Secretariat and the SANDF, came into being on 27 April 1994 with the establishment of the new democratic South Africa. The Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993) established the National Defence Force as the only defence force for the Republic and provided the fundamental policy framework on which further developments were to be based.»
- ^ a b "Len le Roux joined ISS (Institute for Security Studies is an African organisation which aims to enhance human security on the continent) Pretoria in February 2003 as head of the Defence Sector Programme, having recently retired from the South African National Defence Force with the rank of Major General. - pass way September 2013"
- ^ Len le Roux, The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation (PDF), pp. 7-8.«CONSTITUENT FORCES
The 1993 Constitution provided for the integration of forces into the new SANDF. This entailed integrating the former SADF, the defence forces of the former TBVC states, the guerrilla armies of the ANC (MK) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) (APLA) and the KwaZulu Self- Protection Forces (KZSPF) of the Inkatha Freedom Party into the SANDF. By 1998, the SANDF (military and civilian) totalled 93,324
members (see Table 1).» - ^ Len le Roux, The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation, p. 7.«"THE NEW SANDF: MANDATE AND FUNCTIONS Officially the new, post-apartheid South African DoD, comprising the Defence Secretariat and the SANDF, came into being on 27 April 1994 with the establishment of the new democratic South Africa. The Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993) established the National Defence Force as the only defence force for the Republic and provided the fundamental policy framework on which further developments were to be based."»
- ^ R M Williams, R M Williams, Integration or absorption? The creation of the SA National Defence Force, 1993 to 1999, African Security Review 11(2), 2002, in African Security Review 11(2).
- ^ The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation - Len le Roux rif: p.1 "The South African Department of Defence (DoD) and the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) have also been substantially transformed from the defence organisation of the apartheid military era. This transformation focused on the integration of former combatant forces into one national force, making the DoD representative of the people of South Africa, ensuring transparency in defence management and accountability to civil authority, establishing greater efficiency and aligning defence policy with the Constitution, international law and national culture."