Utente:Ciampix/Sandbox

La lingua Esperanto ha un suo alfabeto braille. Una rivista braille in Esperanto, Esperanta Ligilo, che viene pubblicata dal 1904, ed un'altra, Aŭroro, dal 1920.

Alfabeto

L'alfabeto braille base è stato esteso per la stampa delle lettere con diacritici. L'accento circonflesso viene segnalato aggiungendo il punto 6 (in basso a destra) alla lettera base: Template:Braille cell ĉ, Template:Braille cell ĝ, Template:Braille cell ĥ, Template:Braille cell ĵ, Template:Braille cell ŝ. Therefore, the letter ĵ has the same form as the unused French/English Braille letter Template:Braille cell w; to write a w in a foreign name, dot 3 is added: Template:Braille cell w (see next section). Esperanto ŭ is made by reflecting u, so that dot 1 becomes dot 4: Template:Braille cell ŭ. The alphabet is thus as follows.

Template:Braille cell a	Template:Braille cell b	Template:Braille cell c	Template:Braille cell ĉ	Template:Braille cell d	Template:Braille cell e	Template:Braille cell f
Template:Braille cell g	Template:Braille cell ĝ	Template:Braille cell h	Template:Braille cell ĥ	Template:Braille cell i	Template:Braille cell j	Template:Braille cell ĵ
Template:Braille cell k	Template:Braille cell l	Template:Braille cell m	Template:Braille cell n	Template:Braille cell o	Template:Braille cell p	Template:Braille cell r
Template:Braille cell s	Template:Braille cell ŝ	Template:Braille cell t	Template:Braille cell u	Template:Braille cell ŭ	Template:Braille cell v	Template:Braille cell z

Il braille contratto è di uso limitato.

Trascrizione delle lettere straniere

A parte le lettere straniere base latine q, w, x, y, ci sono lettere dedicate per le vocali con umlaut che ricorrono nel tedesco scritto, ä, ö, ü:

Template:Braille cell q

Template:Braille cell w

Template:Braille cell x

Template:Braille cell y

Template:Braille cell ä

Template:Braille cell ö

Template:Braille cell ü

Additional accented letters in other languages are handled by separate braille cells for the diacritics. These do not have a one-to-one correspondence with print:

Template:Braille cell ◌́ (and ő, ű from ö, ü)

Template:Braille cell ◌̀, ◌̄

Template:Braille cell ◌̃

Template:Braille cell ◌̂, ◌̌

Template:Braille cell ◌̈, ◌̇

Template:Braille cell ◌̊, ◌̆

Template:Braille cell ◌̧, ◌̨, ◌̣, ◌̩

Template:Braille cell ◌̸, ◌̵, etc.

These conventions are used for foreign names adapted to Esperanto Braille. Unassimilated text in another braille alphabet is indicated by the code Template:Bc.

Punteggiatura

Single punctuation

Template:Braille cell (space)	Template:Braille cell ,	Template:Braille cell ' (abbr.)	Template:Braille cell .	Template:Braille cell  ?	Template:Braille cell  !	Template:Braille cell  ;	Template:Braille cell  :
Template:Braille cell *	Template:Braille cell /	Template:Braille cell ...			Template:Braille cell -	Template:Braille cell —

The apostrophe and abbreviation point are both transcribed Template:Bc, which is distinct from the period/stop, Template:Bc.

Paired punctuation

Template:Braille cell (outer quotes)	Template:Braille cell (inner quotes)
Template:Braille cell ( ... )	Template:Braille cell [ ... ]

Quotation marks in print Esperanto are highly variable, and tend to follow the conventions of the country a text is published in. This is irrelevant for printing in braille.

Numeri

The apostrophe/abbreviation point Template:Bc is used to group digits within numbers, like the comma in English. In both print and braille Esperanto, the comma is used as the decimal mark, so:

print English 100,000.00

= print Esperanto 100 000,00

= braille Template:Bc.

Formattazione

Le maiuscole vengono usate solo per i nomi propri. Non vengono usate all'inizio delle frasi.

Template:Braille cell (digit)	Template:Braille cell (caps)	Template:Braille cell (emph.)	Template:Braille cell (span emphasis)
Template:Braille cell (alternative span emphasis)			Template:Braille cell (foreign braille text)

For emphasis (bold or italics in print), a simple Template:Bc is used to mark each of one to three words. For longer emphatic text, there are two formats: Either a colon precedes the simple emphatic sign, Template:Bc, and an additional sign Template:Bc is placed before the last emphasized word, or the sign Template:Bc is placed before and after the emphasized text.

In contracted (grade 2) braille, a different sign is used for capital letters, Template:Bc (dot 6). As in most braille orthographies, proper names are not contracted, and words preceded by this sign are not contracted in Esperanto Braille.

Collegamenti esterni

• Ligo internacia de blindaj esperantistoj

Categoria:Esperanto Categoria:Caratteri Braille