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Ruslan Tagirovič Chučbarov (Galashki, 12 novembre 1972 – Beslan, 3 settembre 2004) è stato un terrorista russo di etnia inguscia. Fu il capo del gruppo di separatisti ceceni che uccise 314 ostaggi nella strage di Beslan il 1–3 settembre 2004 nell'Ossezia del nord in Russia.

Ruslan Chučbarov nacque nel 1972 nella famiglia di un trattorista. Dopo la laurea, si trasferì a Orel nel 1995. Chučbarov era disoccupato e non aveva una fonte di reddito pubblicamente nota. Ruslan divenne ricercato nel giugno 1998 per un doppio omicidio di due membri della diaspora armena che commise nel maggio di quell'anno. Fuggì a čečnja, dove si sottopose a un allenamento estensivo delle armi in uno dei campi di preparazione dei separatisti ceceni. Dopo l'inizio della seconda guerra cecena, Chučbarov combatté per i comandanti Ibragimov and Arbi Barayev, aggregandosi poi alla brigata di Shamil Basayev. Infine Ruslan dicenne un membro del cerchio interno di Basayev, che partì per ultimo affidando a Chučbarov l'esecuzione degli attacchit terroristici.

According to the Russian investigators, Chučbarov was responsible for the Galashki ambush in May 2000 during which 18 Russian soldiers were killed by the separatists. In 2002–2003 he was entrusted with handpicking and training suicide attackers. Another attack organized by Chučbarov took place on 15 September 2003 in Magas, Ingushetia, where the FSB regional HQ was targeted by a suicide bomber who used a truck rigged with 300 kg of explosives. Ruslan Chučbarov reportedly personally acquired the ammonium nitrate used in the bombing. On the night of 21–22 June 2004, Chučbarov fought alongside Basayev in the Nazran raid. During the attack, the unit under his command assaulted a local police station.

Russian law-enforcement officials repeatedly tried to apprehend Chučbarov, but were unsuccessful. Several attempts were made to capture him in his native village of Galashki: during one of them, Ruslan Chučbarov fired at the approaching Ingush policemen, wounding at least one, and escaped into the woods afterwards. On 20 July 2004, a resident of Galashki was killed by security officers during a raid after being mistaken for Chučbarov.

In summer 2004, Chučbarov was chosen by Shamil Basayev to command a detachment of terrorists who were to seize hostages in the School Number One in Beslan on 1 September 2004. The terrorists camped in the forests near the village of Psedakh, Ingushetia, leaving for Beslan early in the morning on 1 September. They were travellng in a truck, also capturing a police officer on route and hijacking his vehicle. Arriving at the school, the terrorists seized more than 1100 hostages and forced them into the school gym, rigging it with explosives. According to the Russian parliamentary report, two Beslan residents were shot dead by Chučbarov in the initial phase of the takeover.

Chučbarov demanded that 4 people - the presidents of North Ossetia and Ingushetia Alexander Dzasokhov and Murat Zjazikov, a pediatrician Leonid Roshal, and also a Putin's aide Aslambek Aslakhanov - arrive at the school to participate in negotiations with the terrorists. On the second day of the takeover, a former president of Ingushetia, Ruslan Aushev, was allowed by the terrorists to enter the school, where he held negotiations with Chučbarov. The commander of the terrorists emphasized he was acting on Shamil Basayev's orders. When Aushev tried to ask Ruslan Chučbarov to provide food and water to the hostages, the latter refused, saying that the hostages had gone on hunger strike in support of the terrorists's demands. Eventually Aushev managed to secure the release of 26 hostages. Several hours after Aushev left, Chučbarov forbade the terrorists to give any water to the hostages, threatening to kill anyone who disobeyed his order.

On 3 September 2004 Ruslan Chučbarov was killed during the storming of the school. Shortly afterwards, the media claimed that he managed to escape from the building; however, that information was later refuted by the Russian authorities.